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After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Gene Name: | Insulin |
Family/Subfamily: | Hormone , not assigned-Hormone |
Synonyms: | INS, IRDN, IDDM2, Preproinsulin, ILPR, Insulin, MODY10, Proinsulin |
Target Sequences: | NM_000207 NP_000198.1 P01308 |
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