IDH1 is a nuclear enzyme found in cells throughout the body with highest expression in male reproductive tissues, the adrenal gland, liver, breast, the gastrointestinal tract, endometrium and adipose tissue. It is functionally involved in DNA repair, metabolism and epigenetic regulation. IDH1 is frequently mutated in specific types of cancer; for example, the IDH1 mutation R132H is common in secondary glioblastomas, and antibodies specific to this mutation are used in the diagnosis of astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors where the mutation has a 70% rate of occurrence. R132H mutation IDH1 antibodies distinguish astrocytoma from primary glioblastomas, and differentiate diffuse astrocytoma grade II from ependymoma or pilocytic astrocytoma. They also stain positively in around 12% of acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, antibodies that recognize wild-type IDH1 may be used as a control alongside mutation-specific antibodies in the differential diagnosis of secondary glioblastomas (mutation positive) from primary glioblastomas (majority are mutation negative). References: Oncogene. 2018. 37, 1949–1960, DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0077-z; Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2013 May;13(5):345, PMID: 23532369; PLoS One. 2017 Jan 4;12(1):e0169038, PMID: 28052098; Cell Rep. 2018 Oct 23;25(4):1018-1026.e4, PMID: 30355481; Am J Clin Pathol. 2011 Jan;135(1):35-45, PMID: 21173122;